This volume gathers together extracts from texts in Latin, Hispanic vernaculars, and French, concerning the relations of the Christians and Moors in Spain in the first four hundred years of their co-existence in the Peninsula. An effort has been made to illustrate aspects other than the exclusively military. The texts are both historical and 'literary' (this distinction not being one that the medieval mind would make) and in both prose and verse; they are arranged in order of the events to which they refer, not by date of composition. The purpose is to make these texts available in a form not previously attempted, to all who are interested in this fascinating period, but may be unable to read the original languages or may not have access to the published sources. Each text has a facing translation and introductory section with notes on the background and on textual difficulties. There is also a general introduction and a short booklist.

The two previous volumes draw a fascinating picture of the confrontation between the Christians and Moors in Spain from the Christian side. This volume attempts to redress the balance by describing many of the same incidents from the Muslims' point of view. The close intermingling of Christians and Moors, whether in love, in politics or in the common enjoyment of popular festivals, helps to account for the unique character of Islamic society in the Iberian Peninsula. Extracts from Arabic sources cover the relations between Christians and Moors in Spain over nearly 800 years. Apart from military encounters, some attention is paid to diplomacy, and also to lawsuits, legal judgments and regulations governing the co-existence of the rival communities. These not only reveal the fundamental differences between the two sides, but show how, in many cases, the divisions were not as clear-cut as the jurists and theologians would have wished. Only a handful of these texts have ever been translated into English before, and it is hoped that this selection will make a contribution to the understanding of this remarkable period in Spanish and Islamic history.

First published in 1964, this is not just a chronicle or encyclopaedia, but deals thoroughly in turn with meaning, view about reason, and views about values, particularly moral values. The author's knowledge of French literature is extensive and thorough, and a feature of the book is his analysis of the philosophical implications of literary works by Sartre, Paul Valery, Camus and others.

First published in 1964, this is not just a chronicle or encyclopaedia, but deals thoroughly in turn with meaning, view about reason, and views about values, particularly moral values. The author's knowledge of French literature if extensive and thorough, and a feature of the book is his analysis of the philosophical implications of literarry wroks by Sartre, Paul Valery, Camus and others.

This new edition has been updated and restructured in the light of recent research and developments. It is written for new teachers and also those who train or guide them while they gain experience, combining practical advice on lesson organization and teaching methods with an exploration of teachers' feelings about themselves and the children they teach. Management is discussed as a co-operative enterprise linked to classroom and school processes and the development of good relationships. Classroom management is considered from four aspects: management in the classroom; mediation with individuals; modification of behaviour and monitoring school discipline. Management begins with four simple rules: get them in; get them out; get on with it and get on with them. The authors then give more detailed advice on analyzing classroom organization and reducing sources of friction. Mediation refers to knowledge of how to provide the counselling and guidance which some pupils require, understanding their problems and avoiding damaging confrontations in the classroom.

The Photographer's Guide to Drones explains everything photographers need to know about drones and quadcopters in order to take their photography to new levels. Consumer drones and quadcopters have become the hottest new gear in photography, whether you're a professional photographer or an amateur shooter. These "flying tripods" have given photographers the ability to place their cameras virtually anywhere they want, creating still images and video footage that were previously impossible to capture. Many photographers have a drone or quadcopter right at the top of their "I want" list. And many others have already purchased a drone a bit ahead of the curve. No matter what model one may own--DJI, 3DR, Yuneec, GoPro--all of these photographers need to learn how to put this new gear to good use in their aerial photography. They need to learn how to safely operate and fly a drone, how to create compelling photos and video, and how to make their work stand out from the crowd in this exciting new field. The Photographer's Guide to Drones explains everything photographers need to know about drones and quadcopters in order to take their photography to new levels...literally. Photographer and author Colin Smith guides the reader along, as he teaches: - How to fly a drone, including practice flight patterns and controller tips that will help readers master the basics - New rules of composition for aerial photography as they apply to drone and quadcopter imagery - How to create the best files for both still photos and video - Post-processing techniques unique to aerial photography that readers need to know, such as how to make videos look both dynamic and smooth The book also features award-winning and beautiful aerial photography. Plus, at the beginning of each of the book's eight chapters, beautiful three-page fold-out images inspire readers on their journey to creating images that truly stand above the crowd. Take your aerial photography to new heights with The Photographer's Guide to Drones.

The Poema de mio Cid is in all respects a major text of early Spanish literature and an epic of great power. Its origins and authorship have long been a subject of dispute among scholars and this book, firmly based on rigorous research, proposes the view that the Poema was a wholly new work of the early thirteenth century written by a single author, Per Abad. The author argues that it was the first epic to be composed in Castilian and he examines the sources that the poet used for the structure of his work, for his rhetoric and for his metrical system. Throughout the work Professor Smith seeks not only to combat the competing 'traditionalist' and 'oralist' viewpoints, but also to give as clear a picture as possible of the cultural background in which the Poema was written and to enhance the standing of a remarkable poet.

Semiology is the science of signs and symbols, and their role in culture and society. Writing Degree Zero is Barthes' introduction to his field of study, the basic definitions required in the analysis of speech, language, writing and style, delivered with a poet's insight from one of France's most famous literary critics . In Elements of Semiology Barthes presented a concise scientific definition of Saussurean linguistics and their aftermath. Published in 1967, this is a key text in the study of 'structuralism', which at that time was a relatively new critical movement rapidly gaining an international following.

Learn to master your drone the gear, the technique, the photography, the video and create jaw-dropping visuals! Over the last few years, drones and quadcopters have become the hottest new gear in photography, whether you re a professional photographer or an amateur shooter. These 'flying tripods' have given photographers the ability to place their cameras virtually anywhere they want, creating still images and video footage that was previously impossible to capture. Many photographers have a drone or quadcopter right at the top of their 'I want' list. And many others have already purchased a drone but haven t mastered its use yet. No matter what model you may own whether that s a popular Mavic, Mini, Air, or Phantom from DJI, or another brand you need to learn how to put this new gear to good use in your aerial photography. You need to learn how to safely operate and fly a drone, how to create compelling photos and video, and how to make your work stand out from the crowd. In this fully updated and revised edition of the bestselling first edition, photographer and bestselling author Colin Smith guides you toward mastering your drone and creating powerful and impactful imagery. Featuring his award-winning and beautiful aerial photography throughout the book, Colin will teach you: How to fly a drone, including practice flight patterns and controller tips that will help you master the basics New rules of composition for aerial photography as they apply to drone and quadcopter imagery How to create the best files for both still photos and video Post-processing techniques both basic workflow and advanced techniques unique to aerial photography that you need to know, such as how to make videos look both dynamic and smooth. You ll learn everything you need to know about drones and quadcopters in order to take your photography to new levels literally!

The (printed) 'Updated Edition' now comes with added value access to the complete, downloadable eBook version via Student Consult. Search, read and revise whilst on the move and use the interactive self-assessment to test your understanding. Crash Course - a more flexible, practical learning package than ever before. Crash Course - your effective every day study companion PLUS the perfect antidote for exam stress! Save time and be assured you have all the core information you need in one place to excel on your course and achieve exam success. A winning formula now for over 15 years, each series volume has been fine tuned and fully updated, with an improved layout tailored to make your life easier. Especially written by senior medical students or recent graduates - those who have just been in the exam situation - with all information thoroughly checked and quality assured by expert faculty advisers, the result are books which exactly meet your needs and you know you can trust. This highly accessible volume provides a strong foundation in understanding the essential basic neurosciences and the clinical investigation of the nervous system. Commencing with 'Learning Objectives', every chapter guides you succinctly through the topic, giving full coverage of the curriculum whilst avoiding unnecessary and often confusing detail. More than 160 illustrations present clinical, diagnostic and practical information in an easy-to-follow manner Friendly and accessible approach to the subject makes learning especially easy Written by students for students - authors who understand exam pressures Contains 'Hints and Tips' boxes, and other useful aide-memoires Succinct coverage of the subject enables 'sharp focus' and efficient use of time during exam preparation Contains a fully updated self-assessment section - ideal for honing exam skills and self-testing Self-assessment section fully updated to reflect current exam requirements Contains 'common exam pitfalls' as advised by faculty Crash Courses also available electronically! Online self-assessment bank also available - content edited by Dan Horton-Szar! The (printed) 'Updated Edition' now comes with added value access to the complete, downloadable eBook version via Student Consult. Search, read and revise whilst on the move and use the interactive self-assessment to test your understanding. Crash Course - a more flexible, practical learning package than ever before. Crash Course - your effective every day study companion PLUS the perfect antidote for exam stress! Save time and be assured you have all the core information you need in one place to excel on your course and achieve exam success. A winning formula now for over 15 years, each series volume has been fine tuned and fully updated, with an improved layout tailored to make your life easier. Especially written by senior medical students or recent graduates - those who have just been in the exam situation - with all information thoroughly checked and quality assured by expert faculty advisers, the result are books which exactly meet your needs and you know you can trust. This highly accessible volume provides a strong foundation in understanding the essential basic neurosciences and the clinical investigation of the nervous system. Commencing with 'Learning Objectives', every chapter guides you succinctly through the topic, giving full coverage of the curriculum whilst avoiding unnecessary and often confusing detail.

Genuinely new story of the Second World War - the full account of England's last war against France in 1940-42. Most people think that England's last war with France involved point-blank broadsides from sailing ships and breastplated Napoleonic cavalry charging red-coated British infantry. But there was a much more recent conflict than this. Under the terms of its armistice with Nazi Germany, the unoccupied part of France and its substantial colonies were ruled from the spa town of Vichy by the government of Marshal Philip Petain. Between July 1940 and November 1942, while Britain was at war with Germany, Italy and ultimately Japan, it also fought land, sea and air battles with the considerable forces at the disposal of Petain's Vichy French. When the Royal Navy sank the French Fleet at Mers El-Kebir almost 1,300 French sailors died in what was the twentieth century's most one-sided sea battle. British casualties were nil. It is a wound that has still not healed, for undoubtedly these events are better remembered in France than in Britain. An embarrassment at the time, France's maritime massacre and the bitter, hard-fought campaigns that followed rarely make more than footnotes in accounts of Allied operations against Axis forces. Until now.

Is there any such thing as revolutionary literature? Can literature, in fact, be political at all? These are the questions Roland Barthes addresses in "Writing Degree Zero," his first published book and a landmark in his oeuvre. The debate had engaged the European literary community since the 1930s; with this fierce manifesto, Barthes challenged the notion of literature's obligation to be socially committed. Yes, Barthes allows, the writer has a political and ethical responsibility. But the history of French literature shows that the writer has often failed to meet it--and from Barthes's perspective, literature is committed to little more than the myth of itself. Expert and uncompromising, "Writing Degree Zero" introduced the themes that would soon establish Barthes as one of the leading voices in literary criticism.

How do you get the best out of Photoshop? It's a combination of knowing what you want and knowing how to do it properly: a mixture of creativity and acumen. As you learn more, you make fewer mistakes, your workflow becomes faster, and you have more time to explore creative possibilities. This book is dedicated to showing you the tricks of the trade, to sharing the insider's knowledge which will speed up your work, and to improving your understanding of Photoshop as a tool. The book is divided into eight chapters, in the first three we look at ways of improving your efficiency, good selection techniques, and how to use layers effectively. In the next three chapters we look at practical applications of Photoshop for retouching and correction, Web graphics and special effects. The final two chapters look at the practicalities of Photoshop's configuration and hardware. Throughout the book, we cover the new features of Photoshop 7, so if you're not yet up to speed with the latest version, we'll show you the way. You've mastered the basics of Photoshop and you're ready to move on to the next level - this book is jam-packed with the hints, tips, and advice from four Photoshop experts that you need to take you there. To get the most information out of each of the authors that we possibly could, we used a collaborative method of writing. Each of the four authors chose two subject areas to be the main writer on, and once they had finished writing the sections, they were passed on to the other three authors for them to add their own tips and tricks to. All these parts then went out to review, and the reviewers (themselves Photoshop users) added their tips to the tip-tank. All of these tips then came together in editorial, where they were ordered and polished. In this way, we hoped to maximize the amount of insightful and essential information, and to give you the greatest benefit.

This book will show you how to combine the power of Adobe Photoshop 7 and Macromedia Dreamweaver MX, both the premiere applications in their field and both recently updated. The book's core purpose is to teach the fundamentals of designing for the web using Photoshop and Dreamweaver, through a combination of theory and practical examples. We will start with a brief look at the history of the internet and some design theory, to lay the groundwork for what follows. We do not aim to bore you with theory! Projects and step-by-step examples will form a large part of this book - so that you can see the theory and good advice put into practice. The end goal of this book is to enable the reader to create a visually stunning, fully functional and aesthetically pleasing website. The combination of web design theory and clearly worked examples will allow you to go away and experiment for yourself - more aware of the potential complexities involved in building a website and better positioned to do it more efficiently than before. The outcome: a great visual and well-designed site. Creating an aesthetically pleasing website that is also universally functional is no easy task. Through the initial concept stages and into implementation a web designer must be aware of the fundamentals involved in taking a flat and lifeless graphic and converting it into a dynamic entity. For an uninitiated artist or potential web designer the traps and pitfalls in creating such a site are plentiful. Walking our reader through this in the simplest and most informed manner possible is the goal of this publication. Respecting the Internet as a flexible medium as rich in personality as those who use it is the message that were trying to get across. But at the same time we want to make the site design and development process accessible by explaining to the reader the fundamentals in clear and concise language and providing relevant screen shots and graphics.